CANINE INFLUENZA:

  

What is Canine Influenza?

It is an emerging infectious disease in dogs caused by a “flu” virus (H3N8). This virus was first reported in 2003 among racing Greyhounds in Florida, but cases have been documented in more than 30 states, including Pennsylvania. Since 2003, outbreaks have occurred in numerous veterinary clinics, kennels, and shelters.

 

How contagious is it and how is it spread?

Although it is highly contagious, the Canine Influenza virus affects only dogs. While 100% of dogs are susceptible to infection due to the lack of natural immunity, about 80% will exhibit clinical signs. Dogs that do not show symptoms can still be contagious. The virus can be spread in one of three ways:

1. Direct contact (licking, grooming, nuzzling) 

2. Air borne (coughing or sneezing) 

3. Contaminated surfaces (hands, clothing, doorknobs)

 

What are the symptoms?

The most common sign of Canine Influenza is a persistent cough that can last up to a month. Other signs of mild disease include a low-grade fever, nasal discharge, lethargy, and loss of appetite.  In about 20% of cases, more severe symptoms can occur, such as high fever, pneumonia, and even death.

 

What can be done if my dog becomes infected?

Currently, there is no specific treatment for Canine Influenza. As with other viral illnesses, the disease must run its course. If the infection becomes complicated by secondary bacterial infections, additional supportive care may be necessary. Human “flu” medications should not be given to your dog because they have not been approved for use with this disease. If your dog is showing any of the symptoms listed above, please contact your veterinarian. 

 

How can I protect my dog from Canine Influenza?

Protection starts with good general health, which supports a stronger immune system to fight off infection. Recently, a new Canine Influenza vaccination has been approved in the United States. It has been clinically proven to reduce the severity of illness and the length of time a dog is sick. Although a vaccinated dog may still contract the illness, the symptoms are expected to be less severe; therefore, the vaccination does provide a significant form of protection. The initial vaccination requires two doses, and then is given annually.  Dogs that are routinely vaccinated for kennel cough because of the exposure risks are likely candidates for the new vaccination.